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Angiogram
This is an abbreviated version of the complete article.*
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| Basic Facts |
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An angiogram is a minimally invasive diagnostic study in which contrast medium is injected into an artery while x rays are taken of the area, resulting in detailed images of the arterial and venous anatomy. |
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The images obtained from the angiogram are useful in diagnosing and treating a variety of abnormalities. |
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As with any invasive procedure, an angiogram carries certain risks. Potential complications include allergic reaction, kidney problems, and arterial blockage or stroke caused by disrupted arterial plaque, which can cause serious dysfunction in any part of the body deprived of blood flow. |
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An angiogram uses x rays to view the anatomy of the body's arteries and is also known as an arteriogram. This is usually an outpatient test.
To create x ray images, contrast dye is injected through a catheter (a thin, flexible tube) that is threaded into the desired artery from an artery in the groin or in the arm. The dye makes blood vessels visible on x ray, and the resulting images are used to diagnose vascular conditions, help physicians plan procedures, or even guide surgeons during treatments.
PRE-TEST GUIDELINES
To prepare for an angiogram, patients are advised to avoid eating or drinking after midnight the evening before the test and arrange for a ride home.
RISK FACTORS
Potential complications include excessive bleeding at the puncture site, allergic reactions, kidney failure, and arterial blockage caused by disrupted plaque.
Risk factors for complications include:
- Allergy to iodine; and
- Kidney problems.
WHAT TO EXPECT
The part of the arm or leg where the dye may be administered is shaved, cleaned, and injected with a local anesthetic. A hollow needle punctures the artery and a catheter is inserted and guided to the desired location with the help of x ray images.
Once the catheter is in the proper place it is injected with contrast material. During and after the injection x ray images are taken. The patient may be told to hold his or her breath several times for about 5 to 15 seconds and lie perfectly still to prevent distorting the x ray pictures.
POST-TEST GUIDELINES
After all x rays have been taken and the catheter removed, the arm or leg into which the catheter was inserted should be kept straight for several hours. During recovery, the patient is also asked to drink fluids, and a nurse checks vital signs regularly.
POSSIBLE COMPLICATIONS
While recovering, the patient may experience nausea, vomiting, or coughing.
The patient should notify medical personnel if complications arise. These include bleeding, pain, or swelling at the site where the catheter was inserted, and pain, numbness, or coolness in the affected arm or leg.
Medical Review Date: March 20, 2008
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