MRI (Spine)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a painless, safe, and radiation-free test that uses a large magnetic field, pulses of radio waves, and a computer to produce detailed, cross-sectional images of internal organs and blood vessels. Contrast agents, such as gadolinium, are sometimes used with MRI to improve the quality of the images.

MRI helps physicians diagnose the following:

Herniated or ruptured disks;
Spinal compression;
Spinal stenosis;
Cancerous tumors that spread to the spine;
Spinal infections; and
Nerve damage in the spine from multiple sclerosis.

Spinal MRI is also useful in helping a neurosurgeon or neurointerventionalist plan or evaluate treatments.

PRE-TEST GUIDELINES

Typically, there is no preparation. Occasionally, some patients are asked to fast for 4 to 6 hours before the test.

RISK FACTORS

Patients who may be unsuited for an MRI include those who:

Have implanted metal devices;
Weigh more than 300 pounds;
Require life support;
Are claustrophobic;
Are pregnant; and
Have pacemakers or defibrillators.

WHAT TO EXPECT

An MRI is usually administered in a hospital or an outpatient healthcare facility and takes 30 to 90 minutes.

The patient changes into a hospital gown, removes any metal items, and lies on the MRI table. The technologist may offer the patient a sedative to prevent image blurring. He or she may also offer earplugs to insulate the patient from the noise of the MRI machine. If a contrast agent will be used, it will be injected into a vein in the patient's arm.

The MRI table slides through a hollow, donut-shaped machine called a gantry that houses the MRI scanner. The scanner creates a magnetic field and directs radio waves at the area being scanned. This exposure is painless but may cause some patients to feel a mild tingling in any dental fillings. Throughout the procedure, the scanner produces humming and thumping sounds. The only discomfort associated with the test is stiffness in the back caused by having to lie still on a hard surface for an extended period.

The diagnostic radiologist or radiology tech usually takes images depending on the symptoms and the potential condition affecting the spine. The technologist may take images of the patient's neck area (cervical), chest area (thoracic), or lower back (lumbar region). To obtain the most detailed images, however, the patient's entire body will lie inside the MRI machine.

POST-TEST GUIDELINES

If patients are given contrast dye as part of the test, they will be asked to drink liquids to flush the dye from their system. If patients receive a sedative, they will need to arrange a ride home. Otherwise, patients can resume normal activities immediately.

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